Prospects for the use of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate in the treatment of patients with obesity-associated osteoarthritis (metabolic syndrome)

The relationship between the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis (OA) and metabolic disorders (metabolic syndrome, obesity) is provided not only by mechanical causes (increased body weight pressure on joints). A complex molecular mechanisms, which mediates OA effect development obesity, was established. Excessive activity toll receptors, NF-κB cascade, endogenous chondroitin sulfates (CS) lead to chronic inflammation a comorbid pathologies, including OA, atherosclerosis, obesity. insulin resistance CS metabolism also mediated impaired genomic DNA methylation. Exogenous glucosamine sulfate (GS) used in long-term treatment contribute inhibition By inhibiting O-glucosamination intranuclear proteins (i.e., p53), GS can accelerate lipolysis visceral fat. Anti-inflammatory effects associated with receptors NF-κB, increased levels antioxidant enzymes, regulation expression fibroblast growth factor 21, activation adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, secretion chemoattractant MCP-1 pancreatic lipase. Positive its oligosaccharides exposure decrease normalization fat but an improvement state intestinal microbiota. Experimental clinical studies confirm mass control. are effective safe when patients syndrome and/or